¾ËÄÚ¿Ã ºÐÇØÈ¿¼Ò III (Alcohol Dehydrogenase III)ÀÇ °£¼¶À¯È ÃËÁø ±âÀü ±Ô¸í
Çѱ¹°úÇбâ¼ú¿ø Á¤¿øÀÏ ±³¼ö
Alcohol Dehydrogenase III Exacerbates Liver Fibrosis by Enhancing Stellate Cell Activation and Suppressing Natural Killer Cells in Mice / Hepatology. 2014 Sep;60(3):1044-53.
1. ¿¬±¸¹è°æ
Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷µé (hepatic stellate cells; HSCs)Àº ü³» ·¹Æ¼³î (retinol; vitamin A)ÀÇ ¾à 70~80% Á¤µµ¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ·¹Æ¼³î Ç×»ó¼º(retinol homeostasis)¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀº ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹Æ¼³îÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö È¿¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÍ»ê (retinoic acid)À¸·Î ´ë»çµÇ°í ÇÙ¼ö¿ëü (nuclear receptor)ÀÎ RARs (retinoic acid receptors)¿Í RXRs (retinoid X receptors)µé°ú °áÇÕÇÑ ÈÄ Àü»çÀÎÀڷμ ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç´Â ADHs (alcohol dehydrogenases), SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) ¹× RDHs (retinol dehydrogenases) µî¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸³ª microsome¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â SDR°ú RDH º¸´Ù´Â ¼¼Æ÷Áú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ADHs°¡ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç¿¡ ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ̶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù ÀÖ´Ù.
ÃÖ±Ù ¸¸¼º °£Áúȯ½Ã ·¹Æ¼³îÀÇ °£³» ÇÔ·®ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÍ»êÀÇ °£³» ¼öÄ¡´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°á°úµéÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇ°í ÀÖ¾î, °£Áúȯ½Ã ·¹Æ¼³î´ë»ç°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ÇöÀç±îÁö °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷µéÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³î ÀúÀå ¹× Ç×»ó¼º ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, ´Ù¾çÇÑ °£¼Õ»ó½Ã È°¼ºÈ µÇ´Â °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷µé¿¡¼ ¾î¶² È¿¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â Áö ¶ÇÇÑ ´ë»çµÈ ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÍ»êÀº ¾î¶² ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °£¼¶À¯È °úÁ¤¿¡¼ È°¼ºÈµÈ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷µé ÁÖº¯¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ (natural killer cell; NK cell)µéµµ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷µéÀÌ ºÐºñÇÏ´Â ·¹Æ¼³î¿¡ ¾î¶² ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿´´Ù (±×¸² 1). µû¶ó¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ ȤÀº °£¼¶À¯È°úÁ¤¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Áß¿ä ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç È¿¼Ò°¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¹àÈ÷°í, °£¼¶À¯È°úÁ¤¿¡¼ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»çÀÇ È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®ÇÏ°íÀÚ º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×¸² 1. °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ ±Ô¸íÀ» À§ÇÑ °¡¼³
2. ¿¬±¸°á°ú
¸ÕÀú °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÇ¾î °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ È¿¼Ò¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ADHÀÇ isotype¿¡ ´ëÇؼ quantitative real-time PCRÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ¸¶¿ì½º»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÎü À¯·¡ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ (hTERT)¿¡¼µµ ADH3¸¦ ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÇöÇÑ´Ù´Â °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 2). ±×¸®°í 4-methylpyrazoleÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ADH¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç¸¦ Â÷´ÜÇϸé , ·¹Æ¼³îÀÇ ¾çÀº Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÍ»êÀº °¨¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Äݶó°Õ ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ïÁ¦µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (±×¸² 3).
±×¸² 2. ¸¶¿ì½º °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ÀÎü À¯·¡ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¿¡¼ÀÇ ADHs ¹ßÇö ¾ç»ó
±×¸² 3. 4-methylpyrazole¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ADH ¾ïÁ¦ ÈÄ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ·¹Æ¼³î ¹× ·¹Æ¼³ëÀÍ»ê ÃøÁ¤ ¹× Äݶó°Õ ¹ßÇö °üÂû
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¼¼Æ÷½ÇÇè °á°ú°¡ »ýü¿¡¼µµ ÀçÇöµÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ wild-type (WT)°ú ADH3 knockout (ADH3 KO) ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡ °£¼¶À¯È¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ADH3 KO ¸¶¿ì½º°¡ WT ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© °£¼¶À¯È°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé¾î ÀÖ¾ú°í, °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¥á-SMAÀÇ ¹ßÇöµµ WT¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç°¡ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¸é °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ°¡ Â÷´ÜµÇ¾î °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î °£¼¶À¯È°¡ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 4A). ¶ÇÇÑ °£¼¶À¯È°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼º¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °üÂûÇÑ °á°ú, ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ADH3°¡ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ IFN-¥ã (Interferon gamma) µîÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 4B). ±×¸®°í in vitro¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¸¦ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í °øµ¿¹è¾çÀ» ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ADH3°¡ °á¼ÕµÈ ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì IFN-¥ã ÀÇ ºÐºñ°¡ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 4C).
±×¸² 4. WT, ADH3 KO ¸¶¿ì½ºÀÇ °£¼¶À¯È ºñ±³ ¹× ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ ¹ßÇö ºÐ¼®
»ó±â¿¡¼ °üÂûµÈ °á°úµéÀº ADH3 À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¸ðµç ¼¼Æ÷µé¿¡¼ °á¼ÕµÈ ¸¶¿ì½ºµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ³ª¿Â °á°úÀÓÀ¸·Î À̸¦ ´Ù½Ã È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ, ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷´Â °ñ¼ö À¯·¡¼¼Æ÷ÀÌÁö¸¸ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷´Â °ñ¼ö À¯·¡¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ °¢°¢¿¡¼ ADH3°á¼Õ ¸ðµ¨À» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ WT°ú ADH3 KO ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡ WT°ú ADH3 KO °ñ¼ö¼¼Æ÷¸¦ °¢°¢ ÁÖÀÔÇÏ¿© 4Á¾·ùÀÇ ADH3 chimera (WTWT, WTADH3, ADH3WT, ADH3ADH3) ¸¶¿ì½º¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ°í chimerismÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ °£¼¶À¯È¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ¿´´Ù (±×¸² 5A). ÀÌµé ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡¼ÀÇ °£¼¶À¯ÈÀÇ Á¤µµ´Â WTWT ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú°í °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷°¡ ADH3 KO (ADH3WT)À̰ųª ÁÖÀÔÇÑ °ñ¼ö ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ADH3 KO (WTADH3, ADH3ADH3)ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¼¶À¯ÈÀÇ Á¤µµ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´°í °£Á¶Á÷¿¡¼ ¥á-SMA ¹ßÇöµµ °¨¼ÒÇÑ °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù (±×¸² 5B and C). ¶ÇÇÑ ADH3 KO °ñ¼ö ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ÁÖÀÔÇÏ¿´À» ¶§, ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷(WTADH3, ADH3ADH3)ÀÇ IFN-¥ã ¹ßÇöÀÌ WTWT¿¡ ºñÇÏ¿© »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÇ¾î ¼¶À¯È°¡ °¨¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 5D).
±×¸² 5. ADH3 chimera ¸¶¿ì½º¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ÀÇ ADH3 ¿ªÇÒ ºÐ¼®
(À§ ÷ÀÚ: °ñ¼ö ¼¼Æ÷ À¯Çü; ¾Æ·¡ ÷ÀÚ: ¼öÇý ¸¶¿ì½º À¯Çü)
3. ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¼º°ú ¹× ÀÇÀÇ
·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç¿Í °£¼¶À¯È ȤÀº °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÈÀÇ °ü°è´Â È®½ÇÈ÷ Á¤¸³µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÇöµÇ´Â ·¹Æ¼³î ´ë»ç È¿¼Ò°¡ ADH3¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇû°í, À̸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ¸é °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ°¡ ÁÙ¾îµé°í °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î °£¼¶À¯ÈÀÇ ÁøÇ൵ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¼¼Æ÷ ½ÇÇè ¹× ¸¶¿ì½º »ýü ½ÇÇèÀ» ÅëÇؼ Áõ¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ADH3 KO ¸¶¿ì½ºÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °£¼¶À¯È °úÁ¤¿¡¼ ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ IFN-¥ã ¹ßÇöÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿© °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í ³ª¾Æ°¡ °£¼¶À¯ÈÀÇ ÁøÇàÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ º» ¿¬±¸´Â ADH3´Â °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷¿¡¼ °¢°¢ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© °£¼¶À¯ÈÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» ÃËÁøÇÏ´Â È¿¼Ò¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ADH3°¡ °£¼¶À¯È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ä¡·á Ÿ°ÙÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù (±×¸² 6A and B). º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç±îÁö Ä¡·á¾àÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´ø °£¼¶À¯È ¹× °£°æº¯Áõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å¾à°³¹ßÀÌ ÃËÁøµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç·áµÈ´Ù.
±×¸² 6. °£¼¶À¯È°úÁ¤¿¡¼ °£¼º»ó¼¼Æ÷¿Í ÀÚ¿¬»ìÇؼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ADH3ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒ
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