Photoreceptor ´Ü¹éÁúµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ±¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î compact ÇÏ°í 2Â÷ ±¸Á¶¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´Ù¸¥ È°¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â histidine kinase, cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase, sulfate transporter anti-sigma antagonist protein, helix-turn-helix µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù (±×¸² 2). ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¶¸³µÈ module·Î¼ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áü°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ effector µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¿¬°á ÇÒ ¼ö Àִٴ Ư¡Àº ÇÕ¼º»ý¹°Çп¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ mix-and-match Àü·«¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »õ·Î¿î ±â´ÉÀ» °¡Áö´Â ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¶ÀýµÇ´Â artificial systemÀ» ¸¸µé±â¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ÀûÇÕÇÑ ºÎÇ°À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Bioinformatics ºÐ¼®¿¡ µû¸£¸é LOV µµ¸ÞÀΰú °°Àº ºû¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» encoding ÇÏ´Â ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ genomeµéÀÇ ¼ö´Â ÀüüÀÇ 3.5-10 % ¿¡ À̸£´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù (Herrou and Crosson, 2011).
±×¸² 2. ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â LOV domainÀÇ ¿¹¿Í À̵鿡 ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ effector µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¿¹ (Herrou and Crosson, 2011)
±×¸² 3. ºû¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú ¸ðµâÀÇ signal Àü´Þ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀÇ ¿¹ (Losi and Gartner, 2012)
±×µ¿¾È ƯÁ¤ÆÄÀåÀÇ ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈµÇ´Â Caged transactivator ³ª ÈÇÐÀû inducers ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ º¸°í µÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª (Deiters, 2010) ºû¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ¿© transgeneÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ °¥¼ö·Ï È°¹ßÈ÷ º¸°í µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Ãß¼¼ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ºû¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» Ç¥Àû ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á È°¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â optogenetics¶ó´Â ºÐ¾ß¸¦ ¿øÇϴ Ÿ°Ù À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ Àü»çÁ¶ÀýÀ̳ª À¯Àüüº¯Çü¿¡ ÀÀ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ ¿°±â¼¿À» ÀνÄÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â zinc-finger³ª transcription-activator-like effector (TALE) ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ DNA-targeting ±â¼úµéÀ» ºû¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â photoreceptor ´Ü¹éÁúµé°ú Á¢¸ñ½ÃÅ°°Å³ª, ¿°±â¼¿ ƯÀÌÀûÀÎ DNA Àý´ÜÈ¿¼Ò¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© genomeÀ» º¯Çü½ÃÅ°µµ·Ï Çϴµ¥ ÀÀ¿ëÇÏ´Â µî biotechnology ºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÀüÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù (Konermann et al., 2013). ÃÖ±Ù º¸°íµÈ ±â¼úµéÀº ºû¿¡ ³ëÃâµÈ Áö ¼ö ºÐ ¾È¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼ Àü»ç°¡ ÀϾ°í ºûÀÇ °µµ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¡¿ªÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶ÀýµÇ¸ç ¹è¾çµÈ ¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡¼»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¿¹°¸ðµ¨¿¡ ±îÁö È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Ãß¼¼ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ hetero ȤÀº homodimerizationÀÌ Á¶ÀýµÇ´Â ¸ðµâÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷³»ÀÇ ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÚ³ª pathway¸¦ ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ´ÙÀ̳ª¹ÍÇÏ°Ô Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ¾î ÇÕ¼º»ý¹°Çп¡ Àû¿ë ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÐ¾ß´Â ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (Bugaj et al., 2013).
¾ÕÀ¸·Î´Â ÇÕ¼º »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Á¢±ÙÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼¾¼ÀÇ Á¶ÀýÀ» ´õ¿í È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ̳ª¹ÍÇÏ°Ô ºû¿¡ ÀÇÇØ fine-tuning ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» È®¸³Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀ̸ç genome editing ±â¼ú»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ºÎÇ°ÀÇ Á¶¸³±â¼ú¿¡ Àû¿ëµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ÇÕ¼º»ý¹°Çп¡¼ÀÇ Photoreceptor ´Ü¹éÁúµéÀÇ ¼º°øÀûÀÎ È°¿ëÀ» À§Çؼ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁúµéÀÇ ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °Í ÀÌ¸ç ºûÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ productÀÇ »ý»ê¼º Çâ»ó¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å±â¼úµéÀÌ °³¹ß µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Âü°í¹®Çå)
1. Bugaj, L.J., Choksi, A.T., Mesuda, C.K., Kane, R.S., and Schaffer, D.V. (2013). Optogenetic protein clustering and
signaling activation in mammalian cells. Nature methods 10, 249-252.
2. Deiters, A. (2010). Principles and applications of the photochemical control of cellular processes. Chembiochem : a
European journal of chemical biology 11, 47-53.
3. Grunberg, R., and Serrano, L. (2010). Strategies for protein synthetic biology. Nucleic acids research 38, 2663-2675.
4. Herrou, J., and Crosson, S. (2011). Function, structure and mechanism of bacterial photosensory LOV proteins.
Nature reviews Microbiology 9, 713-723.
5. Konermann, S., Brigham, M.D., Trevino, A.E., Hsu, P.D., Heidenreich, M., Cong, L., Platt, R.J., Scott, D.A., Church, G.M.,
and Zhang, F. (2013). Optical control of mammalian endogenous transcription and epigenetic states. Nature 500,
472-476.
6. Losi, A., and Gartner, W. (2012). The evolution of flavin-binding photoreceptors: an ancient chromophore serving
trendy blue-light sensors. Annual review of plant biology 63, 49-72.
7. Moglich, A., and Moffat, K. (2010). Engineered photoreceptors as novel optogenetic tools. Photochemical &
photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for
Photobiology 9, 1286-1300.
8. Yin, T., and Wu, Y.I. (2013). Guiding lights: recent developments in optogenetic control of biochemical signals. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 465, 397-408.